The invention discloses a parallel MOS transistor current sharing and short circuit protection circuit, and relates to the technical fields of electronic circuits and power electronics. The parallel MOS transistor current sharing and short circuit protection circuit comprises a switching value monitoring circuit, an analog quantity monitoring circuit, a fast monitoring circuit, an MOS transistor parallel current sharing circuit, a driving circuit and a main control circuit, wherein one end of the switching value monitoring circuit is connected with the main control circuit; the other end of the switching value monitoring circuit is connected with the main control circuit and one end of the analog quantity monitoring circuit; the other end of the analog quantity monitoring circuit is connected with the fast monitoring circuit; the fast monitoring circuit is connected with the main control circuit and one end of the MOS transistor parallel current sharing circuit; and the MOS transistor parallel current sharing circuit is connected with the driving circuit and external bus voltage. The parallel MOS transistor current sharing and short circuit protection circuit realizes that each MOS transistor is equal in flowing current and switching speed, and can detect the current operating state of each MOS transistor quickly and effectively; and the parallel MOS transistor current sharing and short circuit protection circuit is simple and reliable in circuit construction and small in PCB occupation area.