The invention discloses a V-type 20-cylinder diesel engine crankshaft. The V-type 20-cylinder diesel engine crankshaft is provided with ten cranks. Seeing from the front end of the crankshaft, in theclockwise direction, a connecting rod journal of a first crank is axially aligned with a connecting rod journal of a tenth crank; a connecting rod journal of a seventh crank is axially aligned with aconnecting rod journal of a fourth crank, the included angle formed between the connecting rod journal of the seventh crank and the connecting rod journal of the first crank is 72 degrees, a connecting rod journal of a second crank and a connecting rod journal of a ninth crank are axially aligned, the included angle formed between the connecting rod journal of the second crank and a connecting rodjournal of a seventh crank is 72 degrees, a connecting rod journal of a sixth crank and a connecting rod journal of a fifth crank are axially aligned, the included angle formed between the connectingrod journal of the sixth crank and the connecting rod journal of the second crank is 72 degrees, a connecting rod journal of a third crank and a connecting rod journal of the eighth crank are axiallyaligned, and the included angle formed between the connecting rod journal of the third crank and the connecting rod journal of the sixth crank is 72 degrees. The V-type 20-cylinder diesel engine crankshaft can effectively reduce the torsional vibration performance of the crankshaft and improves the strength of the crankshaft and the thickness of a bearing oil film.