The invention discloses a method for preparing high-performance Ni/Al2O3 aerogel. The method comprises the following steps: preparing wet gel by adopting an improved sol-gel method, and performig drying and roasting reduction to obtain the aerogel catalyst. Compared with the traditional method for preparing a catalyst, the method disclosed by the invention is economical, highly efficient, good inrepeatability, and suitable for the industrialized mass production. Compared with the traditional catalyst, the prepared aerogel catalyst has the advantages of large specific surface area, great improvements in metal loading amount, utilization rate and catalytic performance, and the like. The aerogel catalyst prepared by the method has important practical value and good application prospect.