The invention discloses a high-temperature flue gas waste heat recovery and advanced purification system. The system comprises a waste heat recovery module, a power generation module, an organic Rankine cycle heat exchanger and a dust removal purification module, wherein the gas inlet end of the waste heat recovery module is connected with a high-temperature flue gas inlet, the gas outlet end of the waste heat recovery module is connected with the dust removal purification module, two sets of tube type heat exchangers in different arrangement directions are arranged in the waste heat recovery module, a heat-exchange medium pipe outlet inside the waste heat recovery module is connected with the power generation module, the power generation module and the organic Rankine cycle heat exchanger are connected in series, and steam output through the organic Rankine cycle heat exchanger is subjected to refluxing through a condenser, passes through a working medium separator and then is connected to the waste heat recovery module and a heat exchange medium pipe inlet of the organic Rankine cycle heat exchanger. According to the high-temperature flue gas waste heat recovery and advanced purification system, a water working medium and an organic working medium are adopted and combined with electrolyzed high-temperature flue gas for three-time heat exchange, the purpose of utilizing heat of high-temperature flue gas to the maximum extent is achieved, the dust removal purification module is adopted for conducting advanced purification on cooled flue gas, energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved, and the economic benefit of enterprise production is improved.