The invention provides a fluidized bed waste incineration treatment system. Waste is combusted in a fluidized bed waste incineration furnace. Bed materials are carried by smoke to leave a hearth, and enter a cyclone separator. One part of the bed materials are gathered by the cyclone separator and sent into a receiver. The other part of the bed materials leave the cyclone separator along with the smoke, pass through a tail flue and enter a dust remover. Active carbon is sprayed into an inlet of the dust remover so as to adsorb dioxin in the smoke. The active carbon and the bed materials are gathered by the dust remover and sent back into the hearth. The dioxin adsorbed by the active carbon is decomposed in the hearth at the high temperature, thereby losing toxicity. One part of the bed materials entering the receiver are sent back to the hearth, and the other part of the bed materials are discharged outwards after being cooled. The discharged bed materials do not pass through a dioxin low-temperature resynthesis area of the tail flue, so that the dioxin content is low. By the adoption of the fluidized bed waste incineration treatment system, the emission of dioxin in the discharged smoke and discharged dust of waste incineration is reduced, and thus the negative influences of waste incineration on the environment are reduced.