The present invention relates to a cosmetic or dermatological composition of sol/gel type for making up and/or caring for keratin materials characterized in that it comprises the product resulting from the reaction: (a) of at least one alkoxysilane monomer or oligomer of formula (I) R1xSi(OR2)(4-x) or of formula (II) [R1y (OR2)z SiO ((4-γ-ζ)/2)]η in which R1 represents, independently, a nucleophilic group other than a hydroxyl, or a (Ci-C2o)alkyl group, R2 represents, independently, a (Ci-Cio)alkyl group, and (b) of an amount of water corresponding to a number of moles of water, determined according to the following equation: X−(llAlkoxysilanes×llbAlkoxy groups)/nH2o with nH2o=Number of moles of water, nAikoxysiianes=Number of moles of alkoxysilane compounds, nbAikoxy groups=Weighted mean of the number of alkoxysilane groups per alkoxysilane compound, and X is a number greater than 2. It also relates to an associated cosmetic process and an associated kit for coating keratin materials.