Disclosed is a stereoscopic imaging device which answers the need for system compatibility over the entire range of long-distance (telescopic) imaging to close-up imaging, and which can faithfully reproduce stereoscopic images on the display side without adjustment. To that end, stereoscopic imaging device is disclosed in which the imaging lens optical axes (phi (L), (R)) in an imaging unit provided with imaging lenses and imaging elements (S) are arranged so as to be laterally parallel, and the distance between the optical axes (DL) is set to the interpupillary distance (B) of a human. One reference window (Wref) is defined as a virtual view frame in the image viewfield of said imaging unit. In a state in which said reference window (Wref) is projected to form reduced images by means of the left and right imaging lenses, the left and right imaging elements (S) are arranged to match the width of the left and right projected images (Iret(L) and Iref(R)) of the reference window, and left and right image data is read and sent as reference stereoscopic image data. Also disclosed is a stereoscopic imaging device which is based on the aforementioned stereoscopic imaging device and which enlarges or reduces the distance between optical axes to greater or smaller than the interpupillary distance and is adapted for a wide range of imaging, from long-distance imaging to close-up imaging.