A multilayer diffractive optical element includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a first resin layer having a first diffraction grating pattern and interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, and a second resin layer having a second diffraction grating pattern and interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first resin layer includes a first region provided at a peripheral portion adjacent to a portion of the first diffraction grating pattern. The first resin layer includes a second region provided at a peripheral portion adjacent to the first region.