A battery cooling structure in which a heat transfer sheet that can be deformed by pressure is held between a cooling plate and a cooling surface of a battery module in which a plurality of battery cells are stacked, and heat of the battery module is transferred from the cooling surface to the cooling plate via the heat transfer sheet to thus carry out cooling, wherein the cooling plate is a hollow member in which a cooling medium passage is formed for a cooling medium to flow, and the heat transfer sheet is formed so as to have a larger thickness in a middle part than in an outer peripheral part.