A robust header compression processing method and a robust header compressor are disclosed. The method includes: a compressor processing a plurality of data packets at the front of a packet flow by using an Internet Protocol (IP) identifier random behavior pattern, and determining an IP identifier behavior pattern according to characteristics of IP identifiers in the plurality of data packets at the front; and the compressor processing subsequent data packets of the packet flow according to the determined IP identifier behavior pattern. With the robust header compression processing method and the robust header compressor, waste of wireless resources can be avoided, and a utilization rate of the wireless resources can be enhanced.