Techniques for rendering images directly with light conversion materials are described. In some embodiments, image data for one or more image frames is received. A light source may be controlled to emit first light to irradiate a light conversion material disposed with an image rendering surface. Second light that renders the one or more image frames may be emitted from the light conversion material. The second light emitted from the light conversion material may be excited by the first light. A display system under techniques herein may be free of a light valve layer on which light transmittance is modulated on a pixel-by-pixel basis.