A single-shaft track-changeable vibration exciter comprises a vibration box (1), a bottom seat (2), a vibrating spring (19), and a vibrating shaft (3). The vibrating shaft (3) is set on the vibration box (1). The vibrating spring (19) is set between the vibration box (1) and the bottom seat (2). Multiple groups of track-restricting rod assemblies that are arranged aslant are set in two sides of the vibration box (1), and each group of the track-restricting rod assembly comprises two track-restricting rod assemblies that are arranged symmetrically in the both sides of the vibration box (1). Both ends of the each track-restricting rod assembly are hinged respectively on the vibration box (1) and the bottom seat (2).