The present disclosure relates to a piezoelectric charging system, which has two operational modes: a vibration mode and a charging mode. The system includes a piezoelectric vibrator, a driving module, a switch selecting module, a rectifying and processing module and a charging control module. The present disclosure can make full use of the mechanical energy from human beings and the ambient environment to provide the electronic device with an important energy source. Furthermore, energy can be charged to the electronic devices in real time. Furthermore, the present disclosure provides a terminal device using the piezoelectric charging system.