A membrane electrode assembly includes a proton exchange membrane having two surfaces, and two electrodes separately located on the two surfaces. At least one of the two electrodes comprises a carbon nanotube composite structure, the carbon nanotube composite structure includes a carbon nanotube structure and a catalyst material dispersed in the carbon nanotube structure. The carbon nanotube structure is a planar structure including a plurality of carbon nanotube wires located side by side, crossed, or weaved together to form the carbon nanotube structure. Each of the plurality of carbon nanotube wires includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes aligned around an axis of the carbon nanotube twisted wire in a helix way.