Disclosed is a charged particle radiation apparatus capable of capturing a change in a sample due to gaseous atmosphere, light irradiation, heating or the like without exposing the sample to atmosphere. The present invention relates to a sample holder provided with a sample stage that is rotatable around a rotation axis perpendicular to an electron beam irradiation direction, the sample holder being capable of forming an airtight chamber around the sample stage. A sample is allowed to chemically react in any atmosphere, and three-dimensional analysis on the reaction is enabled. A sample liable to change in atmosphere can be three-dimensionally analyzed without exposing the sample to the atmosphere.