A network configuration system based on location of the device transmits a transient network configuration via a server to a node to set the network configuration thereof. Link layer discovery protocol (LLDP) information produced at the node is used to search for a default network management table in order to obtain the actual network configuration. The network configuration of the node is then updated according to the actual network configuration. The corresponding configuration method is also proposed. The mechanism helps improve the convenience in setting the network configuration.