Provided are a block-based depth map coding method and apparatus and a 3D video coding method using the same. The depth map coding method decodes a received bitstream in units of blocks of a predetermined size using a bitplane decoding method to reconstruct a depth map. For example, the depth map coding method may decode the bitstream in units of blocks using the bitplane decoding method or an existing Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT)-based decoding method adaptively according to decoded coding mode information. The bitplane decoding method may include adaptively performing XOR operation in units of bitplane blocks. For example, a determination on whether or not to perform XOR operation may be done in units of bitplane blocks according to the decoded value of XOR operation information contained in the bitstream.