Inter-frame prediction coding method, device and system are provided. The inter-frame prediction coding method includes: calculating distortions between a template area of current encoding block and each of M matching templates in L reference frames, to determine M offset vectors; acquiring M hypothesis prediction values of the encoding block to which the M matching templates correspond according to the determined M offset vectors, and calculating the template matching prediction value of the current encoding block according to the M hypothesis prediction values; comparing the template matching prediction value and original value of the current encoding block to acquire the residual of the current encoding block, and encoding the residual. The technical solution improves prediction performance of the video coding system and increases coding efficiency.