Methods and apparatuses are provided for achieving maximum diversity gain through channel coding based on a Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) code in a multiple antenna communication system. A method includes determining a parity-check matrix; generating a codeword using the parity-check matrix; puncturing a part of an information word; dividing a parity into a plurality of partial parities based on a number of transmit antennas; transmitting an unpunctured part of the information word and a partial parity over a first antenna; and transmitting at least one other partial parity over at least one other transmit antenna.