A computer-implemented method for transferring authentication credentials may include 1) identifying a request to receive an authentication credential that is stored on a first computing device onto a second computing device, 2) identifying an asymmetric key pair on the second computing device, 3) generating an identifier of the asymmetric key pair on the second computing device, 4) transmitting an encryption key of the asymmetric key pair and the identifier of the asymmetric key pair to a credential repository, 5) displaying the identifier of the asymmetric key pair to facilitate retrieval of the authentication credential from the credential repository based on the identifier, and 6) retrieving the authentication credential, encrypted with the encryption key of the asymmetric key pair, from the credential repository. Various other methods and systems are also disclosed.