A component imaging method includes: an imaging preparation step of obtaining, for each of the plurality of components, an optimum lighting intensity; a component imaging step of using a line sensor and a lighting device, to integrally move the components relative to this line sensor, with the components being aligned in a main scanning direction of the line sensor, and to acquire images of the components while switching a lighting intensity of the lighting device sequentially to the optimum lighting intensity of each of the components for each imaging line; and an image processing step of compensating a line image, which is imaged at a lighting intensity other than the optimum lighting intensities, on the basis of a ratio of the lighting intensity at which the line image is obtained and the optimum lighting intensity of each of the components of the obtained component images, for the component image.