The present translation system translates visual input and/or audio input from one language into another language. Some implementations incorporate a context-based translation that uses information obtained from visual input or audio input to aid in the translation of the other input. Other implementations combine the visual and audio translation. The translation system includes visual components and/or audio components. The visual components analyze visual input to identify a textual element and translate the textual element into a translated textual element. The visual image represents a captured image of a target scene. The visual components may further substitute the translated textual element for the textual element in the captured image. The audio components convert audio input into translated audio.