A substrate processing apparatus has: a process chamber in which a substrate is processed; a heating device that optically heats the substrate accommodated in the process chamber from an outer periphery side of the substrate; a cooling device that cools the outer periphery side of the substrate by flowing a fluid in a vicinity of an outer periphery of the substrate optically heated by the heating device; a temperature detection portion that detects a temperature inside the process chamber; and a heating control portion that controls the heating device and the cooling device in such a manner so as to provide a temperature difference between a center portion of the substrate and an end portion of the substrate while maintaining a temperature at the center portion at a pre-determined temperature according to the temperature detected by the temperature detection portion.