The disclosure relates to novel detergent compositions comprising, in a cosmetically acceptable medium, at least one sulfate or sulfonate anionic surfactant, at least one amphoteric and/or zwitterionic surfactant and at least one particular amino silicone, the (amphoteric and/or zwitterionic surfactant)/(sulfate or sulfonate anionic surfactant) weight ratio ranging from 1:1 to 2:1, the total amount of surfactants representing from 4% to 35% by weight relative to the total weight of the final composition. The disclosure also relates to the use of the composition for protecting the coloration of, for example, artificially dyed hair.