In a method of monitoring and/or controlling termite populations in an area accessible to the termites a wood that has been heat-treated to a temperature of greater than about 150 degrees C. (302 degrees F.) is located in the area and monitored. A toxic bait may also be located in the area. In another method, a toxic bait that contains a toxicant and wood that has been heat-treated to a temperature of at least about 150 degrees C. (302 degrees F.) may be located in the area.