Embodiments of techniques for autonomous testing of head-of-train (HOT) and/or end-of-train (EOT) devices are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method for autonomous testing of HOT and EOT devices may include the steps of: causing a first device to enter a self-test mode, said first device being either an HOT device or an EOT device mounted to a first railway vehicle; transmitting, from said first device, a test signal to elicit one or more response signals from at least one second device within a communication range of said first device, each of said at least one second device being either an HOT device or an EOT device different from said first device; detecting, by said first device, said one or more response signals, if any; and determining a first operating condition concerning said first device based at least in part on the detection of said one or more response signals.