A novel soybean variety, designated XBP17001 is provided. Also provided are the seeds of soybean variety XBP17001, cells from soybean variety XBP17001, plants of soybean XBP17001, and plant parts of soybean variety XBP17001. Methods provided include producing a soybean plant by crossing soybean variety XBP17001 with another soybean plant, methods for introgressing a transgenic, mutant trait, and/or native trait into soybean variety XBP17001, methods for producing other soybean varieties or plant parts derived from soybean variety XBP17001. Soybean seed, cells, plants, germplasm, breeding lines, varieties, and plant parts produced by these methods and/or derived from soybean variety XBP17001 are further provided.