A moving picture decoding apparatus includes: a quantization matrix holding unit (202) that holds a quantization matrix (WM) which has already been transmitted in a parameter set and a matrix ID for identifying the quantization matrix (WM), which are associated with each other; and a variable length decoding unit (201) that obtains the matrix ID corresponding to the quantization matrix (WM) used for quantization from the quantization matrix holding unit (202) and places the matrix ID in a coded stream Str.