Program obfuscation is accomplished with tamper proof token including an embedded oracle. A public obfuscation function can be applied to any program/circuit to produce a new obfuscated program/circuit that makes calls to the corresponding oracle to facilitate program execution. A universal circuit representation can be employ with respect to obfuscation to hide circuit wiring and allow the whole circuit to be public. Furthermore, the token or embedded oracle can be universal and stateless to enable a single token to be employed with respect to many programs.