The present disclosure relates to novel detergent and conditioning compositions comprising, in a cosmetically acceptable medium, at least one sulfate or sulfonate anionic surfactant; at least one carboxylic anionic surfactant chosen from polyoxyalkylenated (C6-C24)alkyl ether carboxylic acids, polyoxyalkylenated (C6-C24)alkylaryl ether carboxylic acids and salts thereof, polyoxyalkylenated and (C6-C24)alkylamido ether carboxylic acids and salts thereof; at least one amphoteric and/or zwitterionic surfactant; and at least one water-insoluble carboxylic acid ester chosen from: 1) esters of a C3-C30 carboxylic acid and of a C1-C30 alcohol, with at least the acid or the alcohol being branched, and 2) esters of a C7-C30 aromatic acid whose carboxylic functional group is directly attached to the aromatic ring and of a C1-C30 alcohol; wherein the at least one water-insoluble carboxylic acid ester is present in an amount ranging from 0.5% to 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, and further wherein the sulfate or sulfonate anionic surfactant/carboxylic anionic surfactant weight ratio ranges from 2 to 12. The present disclosure also relates to a process for using the novel composition to cleanse and care for keratin materials, such as the hair, or the skin.