The present invention provides an entropy coding method for coding video prediction residual coefficients, comprising the steps of: firstly, zig-zag scanning coefficients of blocks to be coded to form a sequence of (level, run) pairs; secondly, selecting a type of code table for coding a current image block to be coded according to a type of macro block; then switching and coding each (level, run) pair in the obtained sequence of (level, run) pairs with multiple tables, with the reverse zig-zag scanning order for the coding order of the pairs; at last, coding a flag of End of Block EOB with the current code table. The present invention of an entropy coding method for coding video prediction residual coefficients fully considers the context information and the rules of symbol's conditional probability distribution by designing different tables for different block types and different regions of level. The coding efficiency is improved and no impact to computational implementation complexity is involved.