A hologram recording and/or reproducing apparatus, a hologram recording and/or reproducing method, and a hologram recording medium include a data processing unit to generate a data page which includes recording data and a reference page which includes predetermined patterns to prevent distortion of a signal from occurring when the data page is reproduced, and a light processing unit to record the data page and reference page on a hologram recording medium. The apparatus and method correct distortion and deformation that may occur in part of an image due to aberrations, enhancing compatibility between hologram recording and/or reproducing apparatuses.