A negative-working photosensitive material is provided which includes: a support; an undercoat layer; and a photosensitive layer including a polymerization initiator, a polymerizable compound, and a binder polymer, wherein the support, the undercoat layer, and the photosensitive layer are sequentially layered, the undercoat layer includes a polymer including a structural unit (a) including at least one of a carboxylic acid or a carboxylic acid salt and a structural unit (b) including at least one carboxylic acid ester; and the content of the structural unit (a) in the polymer is from 30% to 90% by mole. Also, a negative-working planographic printing plate precursor including the negative-working photosensitive material is provided.