An image acquisition module for monitoring the external surroundings of a vehicle is provided. The image acquisition module includes a housing with a protected interior against at least moisture and a window hermetically closed by a transparent element; an electronic circuit accommodated in the housing and associated with connection device with the exterior for supply and for bidirectional signal exchange; an image detector connected to the electronic circuit and facing the window; a support attached to the housing to carry an optical system between the image detector and the window; and positioning and releasable fixation device to enable the centering of the optical system and the releasable fixation of the module to an exterior structure of a vehicle.