A microscope device including a coherent light source, an illuminating optical system which has light beam splitting means that splits the coherent light source into light beams and phase-modulating means disposed near a pupil conjugate plane and adapted for modulating the phases of two of the light beams and projects illuminating light spatially modulated into an interference fringe structure by causing the two light beams to interfere with each other near the plane of a sample, an imaging optical system for forming an image of the sample with diffracted light, imaging means, and image processing means for creating a sample image by computation of the image captured by the imaging means each time the phase of the spatial modulation is modulated.