A portable electronic device having a sliding keyboard includes a first body, a second body and a sliding positioning device. The first body includes a keyboard area and a plurality of hot keys. The second body is slidingly disposed on the first body. The sliding positioning device is connected to the first body and the second body to position the second body at a plurality of locations relative to the first body. The second body hides the hot keys and exposes the keyboard area when the second body is located at one of the locations.