A Raman amplifier includes a pumping light source, an optical coupler, and a Raman amplifier medium. The pumping light source outputs a pumping light that is intensity-modulated with a frequency equal to or higher than 100 megahertz. The optical coupler couples the pumping light with a carrier light. The Raman amplification medium is pumped by the pumping light to amplify the carrier light. The Raman amplification medium has characteristics of a low dispersion and a small difference between propagation times of the carrier light and the pumping light.