A conductive material including a plurality of particles, the plurality of particles including at least a first particle having: a layered material including one or plural layers, wherein the one or plural layers include a layer body represented by MmXn (where M is at least one metal of Group 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7, X is a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom, or a combination thereof, n is not less than 1 and not more than 4, and m is more than n but not more than 5), and a modifier or terminal T (where T is at least one selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, an oxygen atom, and a hydrogen atom) existing on a surface of the layer body; and a metal material at least partially covering the layered material.