The embodiments of the present application provide a method and apparatus for tracking and controlling virtual marshalling trains, an electronic device, and a readable storage medium, which is intended to balance the running safety and the utilization of the railway resources. In the present application, the running state data of the target train is obtained, the target control operation corresponding to the running state data is determined from the plurality of preset control operations based on the preset reinforcement learning model, and the control of the target train is implemented according to the target control operation. In addition, the reward value corresponding to the previous control operation of the target control operation is determined according to the distance contained in the running state data, and the reinforcement learning model is updated according to the reward value.