A data transmission circuit includes: a comparison circuit, configured to compare received first data on a data bus with received second data on a global data line and output a comparison result of whether a number of different bits between the first data and the second data exceeds a preset threshold; a data conversion circuit, configured to: if the comparison result indicates that the number of different bits exceeds the preset threshold, invert the first data and transmit the inverted first data to the global data line, and otherwise, transmit the first data to the global data line; and a read-write conversion circuit, configured to: if the comparison result indicates that the number of different bits exceeds the preset threshold, transmit data on the global data line to a complementary local data line, and otherwise, transmit data on the global data line to a local data line.