The present disclosure provides a deep learning based medical image detection method and apparatus, a computer-readable medium, and an electronic device. The method includes: acquiring a to-be-detected medical image comprising a plurality of slices; for each slice in the to-be-detected medical image: extracting N basic feature maps of the slice by a deep neural network, N being an integer greater than 1, merging features of the N basic feature maps by the deep neural network, to obtain M enhanced feature maps, M being an integer greater than 1, and respectively performing a hierarchically dilated convolutions operation on the M enhanced feature maps by the deep neural network, to generate a superposed feature map of each enhanced feature map; and predicting position information of a region of interest and a confidence score thereof in the to-be-detected medical image by the deep neural network based on the superposed feature map.