Contamination detection systems, kits, and techniques are described for testing surfaces for the presence of analytes of interest, including hazardous contaminants, while minimizing user exposure to these contaminants. Even trace amounts of contaminants can be detected. A collection device provides a swab that is simple to use, easy to hold and grip, allows the user to swab large areas of a surface, and keeps the user's hands away from the surface being tested. The collection device also includes a test strip, and provides a closed fluid transfer mechanism to transfer the collected fluid from the swab to the test strip while minimizing user exposure to hazardous contaminants in the collected fluid. Contamination detection kits can rapidly collect and detect hazardous drugs, including trace amounts of antineoplastic agents, in healthcare settings at the site of contamination.