proviced is an authentication method based on a GBA, and the method includes: a BSF receives an initialization request message sent by a UE, wherein the initialization request message carries a first identifier of the UE, and the first identifier comprises at least one of the following: a SUCI, an identifier converted from the SUCI, and a TMPI associated with the subscriber identity; the BSF acquires an AV of the UE according to the first ID; the BSF completes GBA authentication with the UE according to the acquired AV. In this way, the privacy of the SUPI is protected for the UE, and the SUCI or the identifier converted from the SUCI is used to perform the bootstrapping process of the GBA, thereby improving the security of the GBA authentication process.