A vehicle battery temperature control apparatus includes a battery temperature detector, first and second ducts, an exhaust pipe, a heat receiver, a blower fan, and a processor. The processor causes the blower fan to rotate in one of opposite directions, thereby introducing cooling air from the first duct into a battery compartment, and emitting the cooling air that has cooled a battery to the outside via the second duct, if the battery temperature is higher than a first set temperature, and causes the blower fan to rotate in the other direction, thereby introducing air raised in temperature by exchanging heat with the exhaust pipe through the heat receiver from the second duct into the battery compartment, and emitting the air that has raised the temperature of the battery to the outside via the first duct, if the battery temperature is lower than a second set temperature.