A system architecture based on SoC FPGA for edge artificial intelligence computing includes an MCU subsystem and an FPGA subsystem. The FPGA subsystem includes: an accelerator for accelerating artificial intelligence algorithm; and a shared memory used as an interface between the accelerator and the MCU subsystem. The shared memory is configured to upload the data to be calculated and to retrieve the operation result; the accelerator is configured to read the data from the shared memory independently and to write back the operation result. The system architecture has the advantages of small hardware area, low power consumption, high computing performance and easy use, and the design process is simple and flexible.