The present invention provides a brake dust measurement system that can accurately measure an amount of brake dust produced. The brake dust measurement system, in which a specimen having a brake is placed in a chamber and which measures brake dust produced from the brake, includes a sampling unit that samples air inside the chamber, an elemental analysis unit that performs elemental analysis of sampled air sampled by the sampling unit, a storage unit that stores elemental content information of a single or multiple elements contained in the brake, and a calculation unit that calculates an amount of brake dust contained in the sampled air on the basis of elemental analysis results of the elemental analysis unit and the elemental content information.