Provided are an Agathobaculum sp. strain having prophylactic or therapeutic effects on degenerative brain diseases, and use thereof. Since the intestinal microorganism Agathobaculum butyriciproducens SR79 strain of the present invention may have effects of inhibiting neuroinflammation and effects of improving movement regulation and cognitive and memory functions in animal models with degenerative brain diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, the strain may be effectively used in foods, medicines, or feeds for preventing or treating brain diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, mild cognitive impairment, etc., and therefore, it is very useful in the relevant industries.