An electromagnetic-piezoelectric composite vibration control device based on a synchronized switch damping technology is provided. An upper guiding component is installed inside the upper rigid frame, a lower guiding component is installed inside a lower rigid component, a guide rod is nested inside the upper guiding component and the lower guiding component, an upper idler wheel mechanism and a lower idler wheel mechanism are fixedly sleeved on the guide rod and are positioned between the upper guiding component and the lower guiding component respectively, an electromagnetic mechanism is fixedly sleeved outside the guide rod, one end of each piezoelectric cantilever beam is fixed between the upper rigid frame and the lower rigid frame, the other end is arranged between the upper idler wheel mechanism and the lower idler wheel mechanism, and the piezoelectric cantilever beams and the electromagnetic mechanism are connected with a circuit system respectively.