The present disclosure discloses a method and system for data ownership confirmation based on encryption. The method comprises following steps: determining whether data is open; and if the data can be open, encrypting, by a data owner, the data by using a private key of the data owner to complete ownership declaration, and ending a process; or if the data cannot be open, determining whether the data is shared; and if the data cannot be shared, encrypting, by the data owner, the data by using a public key of the data owner to complete data protection, and ending a process; or if the data can be shared, proceeding to ownership declaration and protection steps. The method achieves data ownership confirmation, technically ensures proprietary of data ownership, and implements unique ownership of the data owner for the data, laying a foundation for data responsibility, right, and profit allocation.