A method for performing diagnostics of a structure subject to loads, in particular an aircraft structure, is described, said method being implemented by means of an arrangement of sensors located at relevant points of the structure and corresponding neural networks, and comprising: training the neural network in order to establish an associative relationship between the local displacement of the structure in a subset of relevant points and the local displacement of the structure in at least one residual relevant point; detecting the local displacement of the structure in a plurality of relevant points under operating conditions; estimating the local displacement of the structure in at least one residual relevant point by means of the associated neural network on the basis of the pre-established associated relationship; and comparing the local displacement of the estimated structure with the detected local displacement at the residual relevant point.